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Empress Dowager Xiao (Tang dynasty)
Empress Dowager Xiao (蕭太后) (died June 1, 847〔http://dbo.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AD%F0&king=%AB%C5%A9v&reign=%A4j%A4%A4&yy=1&ycanzi=&mm=4&dd=&dcanzi=%A4v%A8%BB〕〔According to Empress Dowager Xiao's biography in the ''Old Book of Tang'', she died in the middle of Emperor Wuzong's ''Huichang'' era (841–846), but that contradicted the other accounts about her death, which indicated that her death was in 847, during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong. Further confusing the situation was the ''date'' of her death in 847. Her biography in the ''New Book of Tang'' indicated that she died in 847 but did not give a date. The chronicle of Emperor Xuānzong's reign in the ''Old Book of Tang'' gave her death as being in the fourth month of the lunar calendar but did not give a day. The ''Zizhi Tongjian'' gave her death as being on the ''Jiyou'' day of the ''third'' month of 847, which did not exist in the sexagenary cycle for dating. The chronicle of Emperor Xuānzong's reign in the ''New Book of Tang'', which indicated "the Empress Dowager" died on the ''Jiyou'' day of the fourth month of 847 but did not specify which empress dowager it was (although it indicated later, at the time of her burial, that it was "Empress Dowager Zhenxian" (i.e., Empress Dowager Xiao)), the only major traditional account that gave an actual date of her death, is thus used here. Compare ''Old Book of Tang'', vols. 18, part 2 (of Emperor Xuānzong's reign ), 52 (of empresses ), ''New Book of Tang'', vols. 8 (of Emperor Xuānzong's reign ), 77 (of empresses ), and ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 248.〕), formally Empress Zhenxian (貞獻皇后, "the virtuous and wise empress"), known at times in her life as Empress Dowager Jiqing (積慶太后), was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. She was the mother of Emperor Wenzong and a concubine of Emperor Muzong.
== Background ==
It is not known when the future Empress Dowager Xiao was born, but it is known that she was from Fujian Circuit (福建, headquartered in modern Fuzhou, Fujian).〔''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 52.〕 She became a concubine of Li You, a son of Emperor Xianzong, while Li You was the Prince of Jian'an.〔''New Book of Tang'', vol. 77.〕〔As Li You was the Prince of Jian'an only from 805 to 806, her beginning to be his concubine must be at that time. See ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 16.〕 At the time she left home, her parents had already died, and the only family member remaining at her home was a younger brother. She bore Li You a son, Li Han, in 809, when he was the Prince of Sui.〔 In 821, by which time Li You's name had been changed to Li Heng and he had become emperor (as Emperor Muzong), Li Han was created the Prince of Jiāng, although it is not known what title she carried during Emperor Muzong's reign or the subsequent reign of Li Han's older brother Emperor Jingzong following Emperor Muzong's death in 824.〔〔''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 17, part 1.〕
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